Competition

Welcome to my “Competition.”

Competition is the psychological needs and activities of an individual or group of individuals trying to overcome or overwhelm each other. That is, each participant at the expense of other people's interests, to maximize the personal interests of the act, the purpose is to pursue attractive goals.https://www.blogger.com

Definition of competition.

Competition is the psychological needs and activities of an individual or group of individuals trying to overcome or overwhelm each other. In other words, each participant at the expense of other people's interests, to maximize the personal interests of the act, the purpose is to pursue attractive goals, the competition is individual or group of parties strives to overcome each other's antagonistic behavior, therefore, its positive role It can inspire people, work hard and make progress, promote social progress and raise labor productivity. Its negative effect is to dampen the enthusiasm of both parties and make it difficult for limited resources to exert the best benefits, resulting in disunity among individuals or groups and not conducive to the establishment and development of interpersonal relationships. Because one party's success means that the other party will fail. It can be said that the more individual or group's competitive opportunities, the more chance of success and failure.

In social life, competition is often manifested in the form of competitions, such as ball games, health assessment, mathematical competitions. In fact, many social phenomena are essentially another form of competition. Political, economic, military, educational, cultural and health phenomena are all exceptions. In the current reform of social, political and economic systems, with the in-depth development of "reform and opening up," competition is an extremely important mechanism for development toward the "market."

Competition can be divided into two kinds of competition between individuals and between groups. Doiqi (Deutsch, 1949) has designed a field experiment to compare the effects of two competing practices. In this experiment, college students were selected as the research object, 50 volunteers were selected from the same conditions and divided into 10 groups of 5 people each. Among them, 5 groups conducted individual competition internally and 5 groups conducted between groups Group competition. The experimental results show that no matter between individuals or between groups, as long as under competitive conditions, the work of each member in each group is mutually supportive, the purpose of joint activities is highly directional, the mutual communication and understanding of each other are mutually With, can improve the efficiency of unit time. The problem is that competition also spawns the growth of sectarianism and does not help establish good relations among groups.

Psychological effects under competitive conditions

Competition as a social stimulus will produce a series of psychological needs and behavior activities for individuals.

Arouse motivation, extraordinary play

Individuals need a variety of needs, under the conditions of competition, people's self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs more intense, for the competition will have a more intense interest in the will to overcome the more determined, the conviction for success is also more strong. Individuals will mobilize all forces, go all out, give full play to their own potential and creativity, and strive to make themselves invincible in the competition.

Stress state, body mobilization

Competition, due to people in a state of stress, have a strong emotional experience, stimulate the secretion of hormones on the adrenal gland, blood sugar so that the whole body muscles have a tension, all organs and tissues are also mobilized, Coping with sudden emergencies. This tension is good for participating in sports competitions and other events.

Know each other, learn from each other

Through competition with others, individuals have a better understanding of their own characteristics and abilities, so they can objectively evaluate themselves, make up for their weaknesses, and strive for excellence. Even in the face of failure, frustration, we can find the reason to win "a comeback." The so-called "failure is the mother of success."

Quick success, short-sighted

Because individuals are bent on defeating each other, often comparing themselves with their opponents, they tend to overestimate themselves; they turn a blind eye to the merits and friendly expressions of competitors and do not want to make a fair assessment or even adopt the attitude of envy, belittling and hatred, Is not conducive to establishing good relationships with others. From the long-term development, this will be a big loss, but also the short-sighted performance.

In addition, frequent competition between individuals and individuals, groups and groups tend to create negative emotional experiences such as tension, anxiety and low self-esteem, which are unfavorable to the individual's physical and mental health. In some occasions, such as major sports competitions, entrance exams, professional competitions, psychological pressure to participate in the competition is particularly large, due to the victories, but will have stage fright and errors, thus affecting the normal level of play, and the individual Mental health can also have long-term and far-reaching effects.  

Relationship between cooperation and competition

In real life, between groups and groups and among members of groups, they are always in the state of competition and cooperation. They are competitive and cooperative, and they often coexist. As a result, the social life becomes different.

Cooperation and competition have their own characteristics

There is no doubt that cooperation and competition have their own characteristics. Cooperation can effectively coordinate interpersonal relationships and improve work efficiency. However, during the process of cooperation, there is also competition among group members, and competition plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of personal work. For example, a basketball team in a match, the competition between the teams and the team, and each member of the basketball team is a cooperative relationship. Each team members want to contribute to the team more, shooting a high percentage of the team is naturally the winner, while the shooting hand requires the close cooperation of other members. In addition, a group of internal cooperation, it is bound to compete with other members. Therefore, competition and cooperation are interdependent and indispensable.

Cooperation can promote interpersonal relationships and improve work efficiency.

Johnson (1981) controlled comparative studies among four groups, four groups referring to collaborative classes, competing groups, groups that collaborate with outside groups in this group, and individual members' own activities The group. Subjects reading, language, mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences, psychology, and sports. The study includes all age groups from kindergarten to university. The results show that people who work with others in a class learn better than people who compete with each other and those who study alone. All disciplines, so all ages. College students play a less active role of cooperation. According to the results of the experiment, Johnson pointed out that if a student lives in the middle of a collaborative situation, he will fall to about the 80th if he is ranked 100 in a competitive or separate learning environment. In other words, his results will be down to the middle reaches. Johnson stressed that cooperation not only improves performance, but also promotes individual socialization, mutual support, love and acceptance of interpersonal skills, self-esteem, positive attitude toward companions, teachers and school staff, and healthcare. All have important meaning.

Competition is conducive to improving personal work efficiency. Ogden did a vigilant experiment. The experimental material is a light source in the darkroom randomly adjust the luminous intensity, subjects were asked to judge, the experimenter to record the correct number of judgments and errors. The experiment will be divided into three equal groups, giving the same requirements and time. Except for Group A, the other two groups each received different instructions, that is, Group A was the control group without any incentive. Group B is a personal competition group, the experimenter told the group members that the purpose of the experiment is to compare who's attention, the strongest observation. Group C is a group competition group, and experimenters tell them that the purpose of the experiment is to conduct group competitions to see which group is the best. The results showed that under the conditions of individual competition, the results of group B were the best, each of them judged the error as 8 times (average); group A was the worst, that is, the control group did not receive any motivation and the judgment error was 24 times (average) The result of group C is middle ranking. Under the conditions of cooperation, each person judges the error as 14 (average). The experimental results show that the cooperation can also improve the work efficiency, but inferior to the individual competition.

People are more inclined to compete

Since the 1940s, social psychologists have conducted extensive research on cooperation and competition issues. Many studies suggest that although cooperation is the best strategy, many prefer to compete against cooperation. Such as "Truck Race Experiments" by Doherty and Krauss (1960). The experiment requires two subjects to be tested, acting as the manager of A and B transportation companies respectively. Both tasks are to make their vehicles as fast as possible from the starting point to the end, the faster the more money, asking them to make as much money as possible. Each has two options, one for personal use but far away; one is for both, but the road is narrow and can only pass one car at a time. Obviously, in order to make more money, the two sides should cooperate and take turns taking turns. Take turns taking less time than taking a long way, only cooperation is the best policy. However, the results of the experiment show that both parties are trying to get through first and the result is that no one will make any concessions.

The trend of competition is not determined by the nature of the truck race. Competition is also present in other gameplay situations. The "Prisoners Dilemma" experiment by R. Luce & H. Raiffa (1957) explores whether people interact or compete in the context of mixed motives where there is both a conflict of interest and a common interest. The strategy of behavior. Friedman changed the Prisoner's Dilemma Experiment to a gambling game by two people, talking non-stop and turning the result from release or sentencing into points or money. A and B on both sides of the game are faced with two options of cooperation or competition. If the provisions of AB are X, then each person scored 10 points, if one person selected X and the other selected Y, the election Y who won 15 points, X losers lose 15 points; if both want to win more points and allow each other more Lose points, while the election of both Y are losing 5 points.

The experimental results show that both sides have a strong competitive tendency, only one-third of the subjects choose to cooperate, while the other two-thirds of subjects even if the cooperation partners to achieve a high score, good for both, but still choose to take risks Sexual competition.

Minas' Encourage Cooperation Experiment. Minas provided an experimental model with no justification as a supportive competitive strategy. In this experiment, it is always better to choose x as the cooperation strategy, which is to get a high score. If A selects X, B selects X then A gets 4 points, even if B chooses Y, A gets 1 minute also to choose Y to be good. If A election Y is surgery is o minutes is 3 minutes. For B, the election x is not 4 points is 1 point, the election Y is 3 points or o points. However, even though cooperation can achieve the highest score, most of the participants prefer to compete without cooperation. Because for the majority of people they do not score but beat others.

Researchers (Zhang et al., 2001) and college students ' competition/cooperation strategy orientation also found that the average scores of college students' competition strategy were significantly higher than the average of cooperation strategies, indicating that college students advocate more competition strategy.

Indeed, with the development of social productive forces and the advancement of science and technology, the social life is more filled with competition. However, we must correctly handle the relationship between competition and cooperation. Only competition, lack of cooperation, lack of potential for competition, cooperation, no competition and lack of motivation for cooperation. Competition and cooperation are mutually reinforcing and inseparable. Too much emphasis on competition that undermines other goals undermines the collective spirit and collective morality. On the other hand, frequent failures in competition lead to frustration, failure, and inferiority. Therefore, a variety of standards can be set in the competition. Participating competitors may, according to their specific conditions, set forth their own goals for their struggle and strive for victory and a sense of success. Although competition is an indispensable motive force for social activities, the competition can also include cooperation and sharing of various effective resources so that cooperation can become a means by which people can enhance their competitiveness. Containing work is a necessary way for human beings to survive. Through cooperation, people can both play their own advantages and make up for their own shortcomings. This is the prerequisite for winning the competition. In short, competition in cooperation and cooperation in the competition are the keys to enhancing individual core competitiveness.